PSG has now won the prestigious cup on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown between the French league winners and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired two times late to take a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital equaliser in the final moments to force the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored with composure for PSG to seal a 4-1 shootout victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last thirteen seasons.